human osteosarcoma cell line u2os  (ATCC)

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Quantitative and temporal analysis of autophagy: Differential Response to amino acid and glucose starvation

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0340957

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) MTORC1 and AMPK activity is influenced by amino acids and glucose, respectively, and regulate ULK1 activity, which induces autophagy. (B-E) U2OS cells were treated with full media (FM), FM lacking glucose (-Glc), or FM lacking amino acids (-aa) for the indicated times and cell lysates analyzed by immunoblot for ACC, total and phosphorylated at S79 (B, D) , and S6K1 phosphorylated at T389 and actin as a loading control (C, E) . Immunoblots were quantified and signal normalized to total ACC (for D) or actin loading control (for E) plotted. Symbols represent mean of 3 independent experiments and bars are s.e.m. (F-I) Monoclonal U2OS cell lines expressing DFCP1 (F) , WIPI2B (G) , WIPI1 (H) , or ATG5 ( I ) were treated with FM (blue), -Glc (green), or -aa media (red) for 6 hours and subjected to live-cell fluorescent imaging. GFP-puncta (objects) for each reporter were quantified from single cells. Trajectories include mean objects per cell (symbols); bars represent 95% CI. (J-K) GFP-LC3B objects were quantified from cells treated with FM, -aa, or -Glc in the presence of BafA1 (to prevent lysosome degradation) or a vehicle control in 2 hour increments (J) . The number of GFP-LC3 puncta synthesized (solid symbols) and degraded (open symbols) from time 0 min was calculated and plotted. The dashed lines demarcate where individual datasets were collected and data stitched together. Trajectories include mean puncta per cell (symbols); bars represent standard deviation.

Article Snippet: The human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS (HTB-96) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection, and cells maintained in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, 11-875-119) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Corning, 35–010-CV) and cultured at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Activity Assay, Western Blot, Control, Expressing, Imaging, Synthesized, Standard Deviation

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Quantitative and temporal analysis of autophagy: Differential Response to amino acid and glucose starvation

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0340957

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A-B) U2OS cells were treated for 6 hours with FM (blue), indicated as 100% aa (the concentration found in RPMI-1640), or 10% (green), 5% (orange), or 0% (red) of that amino acid concentration. Cells were lysed and ULK1 phosphorylated at S758 quantified (relative to actin loading control and normalized to time 0 controls) (A) . Bars represent means of 3 biological replicates. The data in (A) was fit to a sigmoidal dose-response curve (dashed line) to generate an EC 50 of 6% aa (B) . (C-D) Cells were treated with the medias described in A and imaged live from hours 4-6 in the presence of BafA1 (as in ). GFP-LC3 puncta were quantified from cells and sum intensity plotted (this is the sum of the intensity of all GFP-positive pixels, an output used to avoid potential issues with aggregated vesicles). Trajectories include mean objects per cell (symbols); bars represent s.e.m.; black lines represent simple linear regression (C) . The GFP-LC3 synthesis rates from the linear regression lines in (C) across amino acid concentrations were fit to a sigmoidal dose-response curve (dashed line) to generate an EC 50 of 7% aa (D) . (E) The rate of GFP-LC3 synthesis (derived from linear regression analysis, shown in (C) and the relative level of pULK1-S758 (from A) plotted to show a negative, linear association (dashed line, r 2 = 0.815).

Article Snippet: The human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS (HTB-96) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection, and cells maintained in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, 11-875-119) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Corning, 35–010-CV) and cultured at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control, Derivative Assay

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Quantitative and temporal analysis of autophagy: Differential Response to amino acid and glucose starvation

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0340957

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) GFP-WIPI1 (green, left Y-axis) and GFP-WIPI2B (purple, right Y-axis) object counts over the 6 hour -aa treatment were overlaid. The gray region indicates the immediate starvation period (0-1 hours), and the yellow highlights the period of delayed autophagy under sustained starvation (3-6 hours). (B) EGFP-2xFYVE puncta (PI(3)P-positive cell membranes) were quantified from cells under FM (blue) or -aa (red) treatment. Note a lack of substantial puncta increase in the immediate (0-1 hour) period (gray shading). (C) The fraction of cells containing at least 1 GFP-WIPI2B puncta is plotted with time of -aa starvation. The dashed line represents 50% of the cell population. (D) Representative EGFP-2xFYVE puncta in U2OS cells treated with a VPS34 inhibitor (1 μM compound 31, lower panels) or vehicle control (upper panels). Blue = Hoechst nuclear stain; green = EGFP-2xFYVE; captured with a 60x oil objective. Scale bars in left panels are 20 μm and scale bars in right panels (insets) are 5 μm. (E) GFP-LC3 synthesis with BafA1 in the presence of compound 31 (1 μM) or vehicle control. BafA1 was added for 1 hour during either the first hour of -aa starvation (“0-1 hr” bars) or after 4 hours of -aa starvation (“4-5 hr” bars). Data shown represent GFP-LC3 puncta synthesis relative to vehicle control. Symbols represent mean and bars are s.e.m. **** = adjusted p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA.

Article Snippet: The human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS (HTB-96) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection, and cells maintained in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, 11-875-119) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Corning, 35–010-CV) and cultured at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Control, Staining

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Quantitative and temporal analysis of autophagy: Differential Response to amino acid and glucose starvation

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0340957

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Cells were cultured with or without amino acids for 6 hours prior to a restimulation phase of 60 min with FM (containing amino acids). (B-C) Representative images of GFP-DFCP1 (B) or GFP-WIPI2B (C) puncta in U2OS cells that were starved of amino acids for 6 hours and subject to aa-restimulation for 0 min (left), 10 min (middle) or 20 min (right). Insets show 2x magnification of indicated region to highlight disappearance of puncta. (D-G) DFCP1 (D) , WIPI2B (E) , WIPI1 (F) , and LC3B (G) quantified from cells during the restimulation period following -aa (red) or FM (blue) treatments. Symbols are mean GFP-positive puncta per cell and bars are s.e.m. Solid lines are non-linear regression models (one phase exponential decay). Gray shaded area emphasizes restoration to FM levels within 20 min of aa restimulation.

Article Snippet: The human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS (HTB-96) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection, and cells maintained in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, 11-875-119) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Corning, 35–010-CV) and cultured at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Cell Culture

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Heat shock protein 70 machinery is crucial in the production of infectious chikungunya virus progeny

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.701664

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic representation of the time-of-drug-addition assay. U2OS cells were treated with (B) 2 µM JG98 or (C) 1 µM JG345 at the indicated time points (conditions 1-8) or with the DMSO control. Virus inoculum (CHIKV-LR at MOI 1) was present for 1.5 h, after which the inoculum was removed, and fresh medium was added with or without the Hsp70 inhibitors or DMSO control. At 9 hpi, the infectious virus particle production was assessed using the plaque assay. Data are presented as mean±SEM from at least three independent experiments. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate statistical differences from the non-treated control and was presented when p≤0.05 with *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: The human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line U2OS (ATCC HTB-96) and human foreskin fibroblast cell line HFF-1 (ATCC SCRC-1041) were maintained in Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM), high glucose, GlutaMAX tm, and sodium pyruvate (Gibco), supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (P/S; 100U/mL, Gibco) and 10% or 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Lonza), respectively.

Techniques: Control, Virus, Plaque Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Heat shock protein 70 machinery is crucial in the production of infectious chikungunya virus progeny

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.701664

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) U2OS cells were treated with increasing concentrations of the Hsp70 inhibitors or the equivalent volume of the DMSO control. The metabolic activity of the cells was assessed after 16 hours (h) of treatment using the MTS assay and was normalized to the DMSO control. A decrease of 15% in metabolically active cells was considered non-toxic (dotted line represents 85%). (B-F) U2OS cells were infected with CHIKV-LR OPY1 at multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1 in the presence of increasing concentrations of the (B) DMSO control (0.002% matches 0.1 µM JG-compound, 0.01% DMSO matches 0.5 µM JG-compound, etc.) or the Hsp70 inhibitors concentrations of (C) JG18, (D) JG40, (E) JG98, (F) JG345. Supernatants were collected at 9 hpi, and the number of infectious CHIKV particles was quantified using plaque assay on Vero-WHO cells. (B-F) Percentage inhibition was determined relative to the DMSO control, and IC50 (which corresponds to a 50% reduction in viral titer) per Hsp70 inhibitor was determined via non-linear regression. Data are presented as mean±SEM from three independent experiments. (B) Statistical differences were determined using One-way ANOVA and were presented when p≤0.05 with *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: The human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line U2OS (ATCC HTB-96) and human foreskin fibroblast cell line HFF-1 (ATCC SCRC-1041) were maintained in Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM), high glucose, GlutaMAX tm, and sodium pyruvate (Gibco), supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (P/S; 100U/mL, Gibco) and 10% or 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Lonza), respectively.

Techniques: Control, Activity Assay, MTS Assay, Metabolic Labelling, Infection, Plaque Assay, Inhibition

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Heat shock protein 70 machinery is crucial in the production of infectious chikungunya virus progeny

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.701664

Figure Lengend Snippet: U2OS cells were infected with the (A) African S27 CHIKV strain or the (B) Caribbean 99659 strain at MOI 1 and simultaneously treated with 10 µM, 10 µM, 2 µM, or 1 µM of JG18, JG40, JG98, or JG345, respectively, or the DMSO control. Production of infectious virus particles was assessed at 9 hpi. (C) U2OS cells were infected with DENV A2 (16681) at MOI 0.5 and treated with 10 µM JG18 or JG40, or the vehicle control. 24 hpi, supernatants were collected and DENV progeny production was analyzed via plaque assay on BHK-21 cells. Data are presented as mean±SEM from three independent experiments, and statistical differences were determined via one-way ANOVA and presented when p≤0.05 with *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: The human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line U2OS (ATCC HTB-96) and human foreskin fibroblast cell line HFF-1 (ATCC SCRC-1041) were maintained in Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM), high glucose, GlutaMAX tm, and sodium pyruvate (Gibco), supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (P/S; 100U/mL, Gibco) and 10% or 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Lonza), respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Control, Virus, Plaque Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Heat shock protein 70 machinery is crucial in the production of infectious chikungunya virus progeny

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.701664

Figure Lengend Snippet: U2OS cells were treated with 2 µM JG98, 1 µM JG345, or the DMSO control during CHIKV infection at MOI 10. Virus production was measured at 9 hpi using a plaque assay. Data are presented as mean±SEM from at least three independent experiments. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate statistical differences from the DMSO control and was presented when p≤0.05 with *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: The human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line U2OS (ATCC HTB-96) and human foreskin fibroblast cell line HFF-1 (ATCC SCRC-1041) were maintained in Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM), high glucose, GlutaMAX tm, and sodium pyruvate (Gibco), supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (P/S; 100U/mL, Gibco) and 10% or 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Lonza), respectively.

Techniques: Control, Infection, Virus, Plaque Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Heat shock protein 70 machinery is crucial in the production of infectious chikungunya virus progeny

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.701664

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The total intracellular vRNA and (B) genomic vRNA copy number were assessed at 4, 6, and 8 hpi in U2OS cells infected with CHIKV at MOI 10 and treated with vehicle control DMSO or 2μM JG98. Intracellular vRNA copies were quantified by RT-qPCR using specific primers against (A) E1 and (B) nsP1. (C) The number of subgenomic RNA copies was determined by subtracting the genomic vRNA copies from the total vRNA copies. Data is presented as mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments. Student T-test was used to evaluate statistical differences from the DMSO control per timepoint and were presented when p≤0.05 with *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: The human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line U2OS (ATCC HTB-96) and human foreskin fibroblast cell line HFF-1 (ATCC SCRC-1041) were maintained in Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM), high glucose, GlutaMAX tm, and sodium pyruvate (Gibco), supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (P/S; 100U/mL, Gibco) and 10% or 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Lonza), respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Heat shock protein 70 machinery is crucial in the production of infectious chikungunya virus progeny

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.701664

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gating strategy to determine the percentage of cells positive for CHIKV E2 and capsid expression in U2OS cells treated with JG98, JG345, or the DMSO control. (A) Gating for cells and exclusion of doublets. (B and C) Gating to determine the percentage of cells positive for (B) capsid and (C) E2 based on mock-infected cells.

Article Snippet: The human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line U2OS (ATCC HTB-96) and human foreskin fibroblast cell line HFF-1 (ATCC SCRC-1041) were maintained in Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM), high glucose, GlutaMAX tm, and sodium pyruvate (Gibco), supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (P/S; 100U/mL, Gibco) and 10% or 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Lonza), respectively.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Infection

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Heat shock protein 70 machinery is crucial in the production of infectious chikungunya virus progeny

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.701664

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A-D) U2OS cells were infected with CHIKV at MOI 10 and treated with JG98 (2μM), JG345 (1μM), or the DMSO control. At 9hpi, E2 and capsid expression were assessed using flow cytometry to determine the (A and C) percentage of positive cells and (B and D) mean fluorescent intensity (MFI; geometric mean). (E and F) Representative western blot of capsid, E2, or vinculin expression from protein lysates of U2OS cells infected with CHIKV at MOI 10 and treated for 9 h with Hsp70 inhibitor JG-98 (2μM), JG-345 (1μM), or the DMSO control. (G and H) Quantification of Western blots from three independent experiments. Protein levels are normalized to vinculin and are expressed as relative protein level to vehicle control DMSO. Data are presented as mean±SEM from at least three independent experiments. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate statistical differences from the DMSO control and was presented when p≤0.05 with *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: The human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line U2OS (ATCC HTB-96) and human foreskin fibroblast cell line HFF-1 (ATCC SCRC-1041) were maintained in Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM), high glucose, GlutaMAX tm, and sodium pyruvate (Gibco), supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (P/S; 100U/mL, Gibco) and 10% or 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Lonza), respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Control, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Heat shock protein 70 machinery is crucial in the production of infectious chikungunya virus progeny

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.701664

Figure Lengend Snippet: U2OS cells were infected with the (A-C, G-I) CHIKV-LR or the (D-F) CHIKV S27 strain for 9 h in the presence of (A-F) 2 µM JG98, 1 µM JG345, (G-I) 20 µM VER-155008, or the DMSO control. Supernatants were collected and the number of (A, D, and G) infectious particles and (B, E, and H) secreted genome equivalent copies (GECs) were measured using plaque assay and RT-qPCR, respectively. (C, F, and I) Specific infectivity is depicted as the ratio between produced infectious particles and GECs. Data are presented as mean± SEM from three independent experiments. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate statistical differences from the DMSO control and was given when p≤0.05 with *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: The human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line U2OS (ATCC HTB-96) and human foreskin fibroblast cell line HFF-1 (ATCC SCRC-1041) were maintained in Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM), high glucose, GlutaMAX tm, and sodium pyruvate (Gibco), supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (P/S; 100U/mL, Gibco) and 10% or 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Lonza), respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Control, Plaque Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Produced

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Heat shock protein 70 machinery is crucial in the production of infectious chikungunya virus progeny

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.701664

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metabolic activity of the U2OS cells was assessed after 16 hours of treatment with increasing concentrations of the VER155008 or the equivalent volume of the DMSO control. The percentage of metabolically active cells relative to the DMSO control. A decrease of 15% in metabolically active cells was considered non-toxic (dotted line represents 85%). Data are presented as mean±SEM from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line U2OS (ATCC HTB-96) and human foreskin fibroblast cell line HFF-1 (ATCC SCRC-1041) were maintained in Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM), high glucose, GlutaMAX tm, and sodium pyruvate (Gibco), supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (P/S; 100U/mL, Gibco) and 10% or 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Lonza), respectively.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control, Metabolic Labelling

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Heat shock protein 70 machinery is crucial in the production of infectious chikungunya virus progeny

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.701664

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metabolic activity of (A) U2OS and (B) HFF-1 cells was assessed after 16 h of treatment with increasing concentrations of JG231 or the equivalent volume of the DMSO control. The percentage of metabolically active cells is presented relative to the DMSO control. A decrease of 15% in metabolically active cells was considered non-toxic (dotted line represents 85%). (C) U2OS cells and (D) HFF-1 cells were infected with CHIKV-LR for 9 h in the presence of 2 µM JG231 or the DMSO control. Supernatants were collected, and the number of infectious particles in the supernatant was determined using the plaque assay. (E and F) Mouse skin explants were infected with 10 6 PFU/mL of the CHIKV 899 strain during treatment with 2 µM JG231 or an equal volume of DMSO. (E) Infectious virus production (tissue culture infectious dose 50% (TCID 50 )) and (F) total virus production (GEC) at 2 dpi is displayed per mg tissue. The dotted line indicates the limit of quantification (LOQ). To evaluate statistical differences from the DMSO control, we used a Student T-test, and differences are presented when p≤0.05 with *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: The human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line U2OS (ATCC HTB-96) and human foreskin fibroblast cell line HFF-1 (ATCC SCRC-1041) were maintained in Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM), high glucose, GlutaMAX tm, and sodium pyruvate (Gibco), supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (P/S; 100U/mL, Gibco) and 10% or 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Lonza), respectively.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control, Metabolic Labelling, Infection, Plaque Assay, Virus

Journal: npj Imaging

Article Title: Pathogenic morphological signatures of perturbations in mitochondrial-related genes revealed by pooled imaging assay

doi: 10.1038/s44303-025-00097-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Overview of pooled gRNA screening process using Raft-Seq. Mitochondrial-related gRNAs were packaged into lentivirus and infected into U2OS cells with Dox-inducible Cas9. Cells were imaged and analyzed on a subset of phenotypic mitochondrial features before being individually selected for isolation and genotyping. b Fluorescent 20x confocal images of U2OS cells on microrafts of cells from no Cas9 (no Dox, the WT-like control), MFN2 R94Q (mutant-like control), Non-Target gRNA (WT-like), and spiked in MFN2 V459fs/WT mutants (two examples each). Only the first two (blue line) were ‘labeled’, and used to train the multi-feature classifications, whereas the cells under the purple line were isolated from the mixed screening population and their gRNAs identified through Raft-Seq. The edge of a single raft is demarcated by dotted lines. The cell is shown again to the right of each full-raft image with adjusted look-up-tables to visualize what is sometimes a bright perinuclear cluster of mitochondria, especially in the MFN2 V459fs/WT mutant. Linear adjustments were made to the images for presentation, but only full color-depth images were used in the analysis. c Line plot showing the six different multi-feature models comprising Mito Path Score R , used to distinguish MFN2 mutant cells from controls. Each line represents the model score for a particular gRNA in the primary screen. Six models are shown as positions along the X-axis, and the connecting points of each line represent the score for a particular gRNA by a particular model. The lines are colored by the average of all the models (Mito Path Score R ), with red indicating more MFN2 -mutant like phenotypes, green control-like, and white intermediate. d Volcano plot listing compiled gRNA results and their position along the X-axis showing WT-like phenotypes (left) or mutant-like phenotypes (right). Blue dots indicate Non-Target gRNAs while green dots represent selections taken into upcoming experiments. Yellow dots are two gRNAs selected as anti-hits. The spiked MFN2 V459fs/WT positive control is indicated with a red marker. −Log P -values of T-tests were capped at 5. Dashed line indicates p -value threshold where FDR is 0.2. e Plot showing gRNA results in relation to Nuclei anti-health (vertical axis), Mito Count (left axis), and Mito Path Score R (right axis). Nuclei anti-health is calculated as nuclei intensity/nuclei area. Only markers with FDR < = 0.2 are shown.

Article Snippet: Human osteosarcoma U2OS cell line (U2OS, ATCC HTB-96) with doxycycline-inducible Cas9 was cultured in McCoy’s 5 A Modified Medium (16600082, Gibco, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) supplemented with 10% tetracycline-free fetal bovine serum (FBS) (PS-FB3, Peak Bio, Pleasanton, CA, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Isolation, Control, Mutagenesis, Labeling, Positive Control, Marker

Journal: npj Imaging

Article Title: Pathogenic morphological signatures of perturbations in mitochondrial-related genes revealed by pooled imaging assay

doi: 10.1038/s44303-025-00097-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: a U2OS cells nucleofected with syngRNAs selected from the primary screen and their mitochondrial pathogenicity scores. Significant gRNAs with score >0.2 are listed with asterisks denoting P values: * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001 (Wilcoxon rank sum test on plate replicates), overall Kruskal-Wallis p = 3.51 × 10 −11 . Orange bars indicate NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase -related gene hits, blue bars were purposely selected non-hits, and green and red bars are negative and positive control gRNAs (Non-Target and MFN2 gRNA). Grey bars indicate gRNA selections of significant interest. Markers indicate individual plate replicate scores. b Fluorescent 20x confocal images showing mitochondrial aggregation of a sampling of syngRNA transfected U2OS cells and controls. Most of the cells show altered mitochondrial morphology similar to MFN2 mutations. c Scatterplot and Pearson’s R correlation of replicates for each syngRNA used in these experiments. Mito Path Score p of the re p licates are on each axis, and MFN2 gRNA was left out to better visualize the other syngRNAs. Each dot is an average of 531 ± 232 cells per replicate set. d Heat map showing the validation gRNAs and their Mito Path Score R derived from 48 individual binary classification models (blue wild type-like and red MFN2 mutant-like, scaled to the min and max per model, range is ~0.2–0.8).

Article Snippet: Human osteosarcoma U2OS cell line (U2OS, ATCC HTB-96) with doxycycline-inducible Cas9 was cultured in McCoy’s 5 A Modified Medium (16600082, Gibco, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) supplemented with 10% tetracycline-free fetal bovine serum (FBS) (PS-FB3, Peak Bio, Pleasanton, CA, USA).

Techniques: Positive Control, Sampling, Transfection, Biomarker Discovery, Derivative Assay, Mutagenesis